The Highway To Hope

Picture of word Hope
The Highway To Hope

Written by and for people with Lived Experience - Port Alberni Community Action Team - Families Helping Families

Today's Learning Moment – 02 27 22 Issue: The Highway To Hope.

I recently read a pretty good article regarding pain and substance dependence. The argument was that we try everything we can throughout our lives to manage or eliminate pain. The commentary states that we first "choose" to use drugs to eliminate either physical or emotional pain. Then we rationalize that using drugs is managing our pain when it really isn't. That results in denial. The author quotes Dr Gabor Mate when referring to trauma and pain being the underpinnings of addiction. While I see plenty of validity in this, I also have another perspective on choice and denial. First and foremost, I see the concepts of choice and denial as counterproductive and building blocks of shame when referring to substance use disorder. It is judgment.

Most of us (choose) to use substances for pleasure and entertainment. However, we do not choose to become dependent. Instead, we adapt based on the effects of the substances on our coping mechanisms, particularly our neural psychological mechanisms.

There are myriad factors behind the development of substance use disorder.

I contend that using substances to cope with pain, much like using any other medication or any other activity, manages that pain. It is how we learn throughout our lives. It is how we adapt to adverse events, people, places and things. In addition, it develops not through personal shortcomings or even choice but through neural development and the symbiotic relationships we have with our environments.

Consistent with Gabor's message, there are activities in the nervous system that adapt to coping. Mainly the functioning of dopamine and the creation and maintenance of neural pathways that are now understood to be the highways of addiction, if you will. Our brain is full of these highways formed through our learning and experience. The pathways used the most are maintained the best. The ones that aren't used get little maintenance. Not gone, but hardly used, if at all. Neuroplasticity refers to building new highways to develop other options, which allows us to adapt. This is what occurs when we adapt to coping with substance use to manage pain and other such triggers.

So what happens when the car we are driving becomes damaged? We must first recognize and accept that the car may be damaged. We may then learn that we want and need to fix the car. Then it is quite difficult to get to the off-ramp without knowing, recognizing or missing the signs. We need to embrace the need to get to the off-ramp, which takes information and challenge in an inviting and non-judgmental way.

Second, it isn't easy to choose the off-ramp if it doesn't look like it's going anywhere. That makes it seem unsafe.

As someone with lived experience and as a clinical counsellor for over 30 years, I find that being mindful of and radically accepting that first, these highways exist in me, and that new highway can be built through neuroplasticity. This is a much less judgmental and more empowering way of observing and learning to practice new coping skills.

The author insisted that abstinence must be achieved before learning new skills can begin. However, through my own experience with substances and in counselling countless others, I have found that learning or building this highway can be done even while using substances. People can learn new skills, and when and if they are ready, have the reasons, the motivation and can see the off-ramp to a new way, they can begin to change lanes as it were.

It is important to remember that one shouldn't open old wounds if one does not have the right tools or medicine to help heal those wounds. This is where treatment in itself needs to reconsider some of its approaches and that some old concepts of addiction need to remain in the past.

Thus, I reframe the concept of denial into possibility and hope as a way to readiness and capacity.

I can't stress enough the importance of how language is used both internally and externally when trying to find the road to healing. Remember that judgmental language is not really used with any other illness or mental illness. Why do we use judgment with this disorder?

If I feel judged, then I feel hopeless, discouraged and unworthy to even look at the off-ramp. I will avoid and actively resist. This is what is mistaken for denial in my experience and opinion. If I am accepted for who I am in the moment without our social mythologies of addiction used as ammunition to shame me into some sort of abstinence, then I feel safer and even invited to accept my highways (not shortcomings) and my abilities to build new ones. 

Counter his using the concepts of denial and choice; the author argues that shame fuels pain. In this, I am in total agreement.

Don't get me wrong, though. Many people find their way to abstinence using very tough approaches. Shame and guilt are actually adaptive tools for changing behaviours. Many of those folks do remain abstinent. Many remain bitter. Some don't. Many may relapse as with any approach. That is the way of substance illness. Those who let go of the language of judgment may have a more satisfying experience.  

And I recognize that everyone gets there in different ways. I just prefer less judgmental language and concepts. It works well for me and for many of the people I have had the privilege of helping in my career.   It was much harder for me to drive up a hill of shame than it was to drive the highway of hope.

If we change the way we say things, we change how we see things. If we change the way we see things, we change how we say things.

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Author: Ben Goerner – Ben is a retired counsellor and advocates for people with substance and mental illness 

Families Helping Families is an initiative of the Port Alberni Community Action Team. We regularly send out "Learning Moment" articles to help folks understand substance illness. Knowledge is vital in understanding the disorder of our family members. You may copy, distribute or share our articles as long as you retain the attribution. Add yourself to our distribution list by dropping us a note at - 
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Resources:

Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (1991). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people to change addictive behavior. The Guilford Press.
 

Prochaska, J. O., & Norcross, J. C. (2001). Stages of change. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 443–448. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.443 

https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/evidence-based-approaches-to-drug-addiction-treatment/behavioral-therapies/motivational-enhancement-therapy  

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Abuse Treatment. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 1999. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 35.) [Table], Figure 2-2: Appropriate Motivational Strategies for Each Stage of Change. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64963/table/A62587/ 

Mate Gabor MD., 2008 "In The Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters with Addiction" Vintage Canada 

Hari Johann 2015 "Chasing the Scream: The First and Last Days Of The War On Drugs" Bloomsbury New York. 

Alexander, Bruce K 2008 "The Globalization Of Addiction: A Study In Poverty Of The Spirit" Oxford University Press New York. 

Lewis Marc, 2015 "The Biology Of Desire: Why Addiction is Not a Disease", Public Affairs New York.

 

 

 

 

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